CKD is a global health issue1
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects up to 13% of the global population.1 Being diagnosed with kidney disease can be a huge challenge, both for the patient and those people around them. Its diagnosis and management, particularly in advanced stages of kidney disease, can impact severely upon their physical and mental state.4
![CKD is a global health issue<h2>CKD is a global health issue<sup>1</sup></h2> <p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects up to 13% of the global population.<sup>1</sup> Being diagnosed with kidney disease can be a huge challenge, both for the patient and those people around them. Its diagnosis and management, particularly in advanced stages of kidney disease, can impact severely upon their physical and mental state.<sup>4</sup></p> <!--<p>can impact severely upon their lives by reducing their, ability to](/sites/vifor-tis-external/files/optimized-new/global-health-issue-resized.jpg)
Global prevalence of CKD by stage
As shown in the graph, the estimated global CKD prevalence is between 11 and 13% with the majority of patients in stage 3.1 These results are in accordance with a more recent study by Obrador published in 2019.5
Understanding CKD - Kidney basics
![](/sites/vifor-tis-external/files/styles/desktop/public/optimized-new/Kidney-basics-resized.jpg?itok=f0ZPWDn4)
You have two kidneys, each about the size of an adult fist, located on either side of the spine just below the rib cage. Although they are small, your kidneys perform many complex and vital functions that keep the rest of the body in balance, including elimination of wastes, regulation of blood composition, blood volume and blood pressure, as well as mineral homeostasis. When the kidneys are damaged or diseased, they can abruptly or progressively lose their ability to perform these vital functions. This results in waste and fluid build-up and abnormal hormonal regulation of blood pressure and mineral homeostasis.
The kidneys regulate:2
![](/sites/vifor-takeironseriously-v2/files/chronic-kidney-disease/png/Waste-Elimination.png)
Waste elimination
![](/sites/vifor-takeironseriously-v2/files/chronic-kidney-disease/png/Blood-Composition.png)
Blood composition
![](/sites/vifor-takeironseriously-v2/files/chronic-kidney-disease/png/Blood-Volume.png)
Blood volume
![](/sites/vifor-takeironseriously-v2/files/chronic-kidney-disease/png/Blood-Pressure.png)
Blood pressure
![](/sites/vifor-takeironseriously-v2/files/chronic-kidney-disease/png/Mineral-Homeostasis.png)
Mineral homeostasis
Definition of chronic kidney disease3
Chronic kidney disease describes the gradual loss of kidney function. According to the KDIGO 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline, CKD is defined as abnormalities of kidney structure or function, present for more than 3 months, with implications for health. Chronic kidney disease includes conditions that damage your kidneys and decrease their ability to keep you healthy. If kidney disease gets worse, wastes can build to high levels in your blood and make you feel sick. You may develop complications like high blood pressure, anemia (low blood count), weak bones, poor nutritional health and nerve damage. Also, kidney disease increases your risk of having heart and blood vessel disease.
Stages of CKD
based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR)3
The KDIGO 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline suggests the classification of chronic kidney disease into five stages, based on glomerular filtration rate (or GFR), which is one of the measures of kidney function that describes the flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney. This measure tells you how much kidney function you have. As kidney disease gets worse, the GFR number goes down.
Talk to your doctor
If you have been diagnosed with CKD it is likely that you will have regular follow up appointments with your doctor to check how you are feeling and to monitor the progress of your symptoms. If you have been feeling fatigued or think you may have any of the symptoms of iron deficiency such as paleness, faintness or a racing heart, you may want to speak to your doctor about your symptoms. To get the most out of your visit, think in advance about the information that the doctor might need in order to work out what is causing your symptoms. You should also prepare any questions that you want to ask.
HQ-NA-2100201. Date of preparation September 2021
- Hill NR, et al. PLoS One. 2016;11(7):e0158765
- https://www.kidney.org/kidneydisease/howkidneyswrk date of access August 2020
- Levey AS, et al. Kidney Int. 2005;67(6):2089-2100
- Kefale B, Alebachew M, Tadesse Y, Engidawork E (2019) Quality of life and its predictors among patients with chronic kidney disease: A hospital-based cross sectional study.PLoS ONE 14(2): e0212184.
- Obrador GT. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease. UpToDate. 2019
![Perché sei a rischio?](/sites/vifor-tis-external/files/iron-deficiency/inflammatory-bowel-disease/why-you-are-at-risk-icon.png)
In caso di malattia renale cronica, nota con l'acronimo inglese CKD ( Chronic Kidney Disease), aumentano le probabilità di sviluppo dell'anemia. La carenza di ferro potrebbe svolgere un ruolo in questa forma di anemia.
![Campanelli d’allarme](/sites/vifor-tis-external/files/iron-deficiency/inflammatory-bowel-disease/warning-signs-icon.png)
Uno dei principali sintomi della carenza di ferro è l'astenia, una forma più grave di stanchezza. Se soffri di astenia, potresti sentirti spossato a livello fisico e mentale, anche senza svolgere attività fisiche particolarmente stancanti.
![È necessario consultare il medico](/sites/vifor-tis-external/files/iron-deficiency/inflammatory-bowel-disease/talk-to-your-doctor-icon.png)
In caso di diagnosi di CKD, è necessario probabilmente sottoporsi a visite periodiche di controllo per consentire al medico di verificare le condizioni cliniche e monitorare la progressione dei sintomi. Se ti senti affaticato o presenti uno qualsiasi dei sintomi di carenza di ferro quali pallore, sensazione di svenimento o tachicardia, parlane con il tuo medico. Per sfruttare al meglio la visita medica, è opportuno pensare in anticipo alle informazioni di cui il medico potrebbe aver bisogno per stabilire la causa dei sintomi.
![Opzioni terapeutiche](/sites/vifor-tis-external/files/iron-deficiency/inflammatory-bowel-disease/treatment-options-icon.png)
Una volta accertati i livelli di ferro, il medico può stabilire il trattamento migliore e ciò dipenderà dalla gravità della carenza di ferro.
In caso di malattia renale cronica, nota con l'acronimo inglese CKD ( Chronic Kidney Disease), aumentano le probabilità di sviluppo dell'anemia. La carenza di ferro potrebbe svolgere un ruolo in questa forma di anemia.
Uno dei principali sintomi della carenza di ferro è l'astenia, una forma più grave di stanchezza. Se soffri di astenia, potresti sentirti spossato a livello fisico e mentale, anche senza svolgere attività fisiche particolarmente stancanti.
In caso di diagnosi di CKD, è necessario probabilmente sottoporsi a visite periodiche di controllo per consentire al medico di verificare le condizioni cliniche e monitorare la progressione dei sintomi. Se ti senti affaticato o presenti uno qualsiasi dei sintomi di carenza di ferro quali pallore, sensazione di svenimento o tachicardia, parlane con il tuo medico. Per sfruttare al meglio la visita medica, è opportuno pensare in anticipo alle informazioni di cui il medico potrebbe aver bisogno per stabilire la causa dei sintomi.
Una volta accertati i livelli di ferro, il medico può stabilire il trattamento migliore e ciò dipenderà dalla gravità della carenza di ferro.